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Certain bacteria undergo endospore formation in response to starvation or other forms of stress, creating a dormant, metabolically inactive, and resilient cell form. These endospores can then undergo germination to convert back into actively growing cells when conditions are favourable. In this paper, the authors structurally characterize these processes in the diderm bacterium Acetonema longum, which possesses both an inner and outer membrane. They find that inner-to-out membrane remodelling during germination is driven by the synthesis and self-insertion of the BamA outer membrane protein.

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