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Environmental stress leads to changes in community composition, but the impacts of adaptations to stress on parasite communities remains unclear. In this study, the authors found that a bacteriophage parasite that had undergone adaptation to heat was able to out-compete another bacteriophage parasite and become the dominant member of the community when the two were combined at high temperature. This work suggests that rapid adaptation to environmental stress can prevent the extinction of some parasite species, but may inadvertently destabilize the greater community.

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